Emotion recognition through Spanish prosody in people with schizophrenia.

People with schizophrenia have deficits in the ability to identify emotions. An area of important dysfunction is the understanding of affective prosody, which can limit communication and social functionality. The objective of this study is to compare emotional recognition through prosody between a group of people with schizophrenia versus a control group without pathology, through the Reading the Mind in the Voice - Spanish Version scale (RMV-SV).

Reconocimiento de las emociones a través de la prosodia en español en personas con esquizofrenia / Emotion recognition through Spanish prosody in people with schizophrenia

Introducción: Las personas con esquizofrenia presentan déficits en lahabilidad para identificar emociones. Un área de importante disfunción es la comprensión de la prosodia afectiva, que puede limitar la comunicación y la funcionalidad social. Elobjetivo de este estudio es comparar el reconocimiento emocional a través de la prosodia entre un grupo de personas con esquizofrenia frente a un grupo control sin patología, através de la escala Reading the Mind in the Voice – SpanishVersion (RMV-SV).Metodología:Se reclutó un grupo de personas con esquizofrenia otrastorno esquizo-afectivo, clínicamente estables (n = 62).Se compararon con un grupo control (n = 63) en las características sociodemográficas, clínicas, el coeficiente intelectualy el rendimiento en la escala RMV-SV.Resultados:El grupo de casos presentó puntuaciones más bajas enla RMV-SV, con diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p< ,001) frente a los controles. En 17/22 ítems de respuestaserróneas, los enunciados contenían emociones negativas. Lacorrelación fue positiva entre RMV-SV y CI. Se correlacionó de forma inversa el RMV-SV y PANSS, principalmente lasubescala negativa, y la edad.Conclusiones:La escala RMV-SV, validada en autismo, permite detectarlas alteraciones del reconocimiento prosódico en español enla esquizofrenia, postulándose como una herramienta evaluadora de este dominio de la cognición social. (AU)

Introduction: People with schizophrenia have deficits in the ability toidentify emotions. An area of important dysfunction is theunderstanding of affective prosody, which can limit communication and social functionality. The objective of this studyis to compare emotional recognition through prosody between a group of people with schizophrenia versus a controlgroup without pathology, through the Reading the Mind inthe Voice - Spanish Version scale (RMV-SV).MethodA group of people with clinically stable schizophrenia orschizoaffective disorder was recruited (n = 62). They werecompared with a control group (n = 63) in sociodemographic, clinical characteristics, intelligence quotient, and performance on RMV-SV scale. ResultsThe case group presented lower scores on the RMV-SV,with statistically significant differences (p < .001) comparedto controls. In 17/22 items of wrong answers, the statementscontained negative emotions. The correlation was positivebetween RMV-SV and IQ. RMV-SV and PANSS, mainly thenegative subscale, and age were inversely correlated.ConclusionsThe RMV-SV scale, validated in autism, allows detectingthe alterations of prosodic recognition in Spanish in schizophrenia, postulating itself as an evaluating tool of this domain of social cognition. (AU)

[Empirically Supported Psychological Treatments for Children and Adolescents: State of the Art].

Empirically Supported Psychological Treatments for Children and Adolescents: State of the Art. BACKGROUND: The empirical evidence accumulated on the efficacy, effectiveness, and efficiency of psychotherapeutic treatments in children and adolescents calls for an update. The main goal of this paper objective was to carry out a selective review of empirically supported psychological treatments for a variety of common psychological disorders and problems in childhood and adolescence. METHOD: A review was carried out of the psychological treatments for different psychological disorders and problems in social-emotional or behavioral adjustment in the child-adolescent population according to the Spanish National Health System (Clinical Practice Guidelines) levels of evidence and degrees of recommendation. RESULTS: The findings suggest that psychological treatments have empirical support for addressing a wide range of psychological problems in these developmental stages. The degree of empirical support ranges from low to high depending on the phenomenon analyzed. The review suggests unequal progress in the different fields of intervention. CONCLUSIONS: From this update, psychologists will be able to make informed decisions when implementing those empirically supported treatments to address the problems that occur in childhood and adolescence.

La psicología clínica ante la pandemia COVID-19 en España / No disponible

No disponible

Pericia, efectos del terapeuta y práctica deliberada: El ciclo de la excelencia / Expertise, therapist effects and deliberate practice: The cycle of excellence

La Práctica (Clínica) Basada en la Evidencia se define como la integración de la mejor investigación disponible con la pericia clínica y las características, preferencias y cultura del paciente. Del mismo modo, la variable terapeuta empieza a mostrar su influencia decisi-va en el resultado de los tratamientos psicológicos. En este trabajo se pone el énfasis en la figura del terapeuta en el contexto del pro-grama de formación PIR de especialistas en Psicología Clínica de nuestro Sistema Nacional de Salud. Se revisan los constructos pericia, efectos del terapeuta y se presenta la Práctica Deliberada como un sistema de entrenamiento que puede ayudar a mejorar los resultados de los clínicos y sus tratamientos. Se realizan recomendaciones concretas para mejorar el modelo de supervisión durante la residencia PIR y se discuten algunas de las implicaciones y limitaciones del estado actual de la cuestión

Evidence-based (clinical) practice is the integration of the best available research with clinical expertise in the context of patient characteristics, culture and preferences. Similarly, the therapist factor is beginning to show its decisive influence on the outcome of psychological treatments. This paper emphasizes the therapist factor in the context of the PIR training program of Clinical Psychology specialists within our National Health System. Expertise and therapist effects are reviewed and deliberate practice is presented as a training system that can help clinical psychologists to improve their outcomes and treatments. Specific recommendations are made to improve the supervision model during PIR training and the implications and limitations of the topic are discussed

El trastorno de personalidad por evitación: una propuesta de tratamiento especializado en la sanidad pública española / The avoidant personality disorder: A proposal for specialized treatment in the Spanish National Health System

El trastorno de la personalidad por evitación es un problema de salud mental común, heterogéneo y altamente incapacitante. Sin embargo, muy pocos trabajos se han centrado específicamente en su tratamiento y no se dispone de guías clínicas para su abordaje. En consecuencia, el principal objetivo de este trabajo es revisar la literatura disponible en este campo y presentar una propuesta de tratamiento especializado para pacientes con trastorno de la personalidad por evitación grave en la sanidad pública española. El programa Galatea es un tratamiento intensivo y prolongado que combina la terapia individual basada en la mentalización y la terapia metacognitiva interpersonal en grupo. Con el fin de ilustrar el tratamiento, se presenta un caso clínico tratado dentro del programa. Por último, se discuten las implicaciones asistenciales de Galatea en el tratamiento especializado del trastorno de la personalidad por evitación grave en el ámbito público

Avoidant personality disorder is a common, heterogeneous and disabling mental health problem. Despite this, few studies have specifically focused on avoidant personality disorder treatment, and clinical guidelines have not been developed. Therefore, the main purpose of this work is to critically review the available literature on this topic and propose a specialized treatment for patients with severe avoidant personality disorder in the Spanish National Health System. The Galatea program is an intensive and longer treatment that combines individual therapy based on Mentalization-Based Therapy and Metacognitive Interpersonal Group Therapy. In order to illustrate the treatment, a clinical case treated within the program is presented. Finally, Galatea's healthcare implications in the specialized treatment of severe avoidant personality disorder in the public mental health settings are discussed

The Effects of Metacognition-Oriented Social Skills Training on Psychosocial Outcome in Schizophrenia-Spectrum Disorders: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

A pilot study of the effects of metacognition-oriented social skills training (MOSST) on social functioning in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSDs) reported promising results. The main purpose of the current trial was to compare the effectiveness and potential benefits of MOSST vs conventional social skills training (SST). Single-blind randomized controlled trial with 2 groups of patients aged 18-65 with SSDs on partial hospitalization. Participants were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive 16 group sessions with MOSST or conventional SST, both in addition to standard care, over 4 months, with a 6-month follow-up. Psychosocial functioning, metacognition, and symptom outcomes were measured by blind assessors. Statistical analyses used mixed models to estimate treatment effects in each postrandomization time point. Thirty-six patients were randomly assigned to the MOSST group and 33 patients to the conventional SST group. Between-group differences were significant in favor of MOSST on Social and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale (SOFAS) and Personal and Social Performance Scale (PSP) total scores at post-treatment and follow-up. Concerning PSP subscales, there were significant between-group differences in favor of MOSST at follow-up on socially useful activities, personal and social relationships, and disturbing and aggressive behaviors. Metacognition only improved following MOSST group. For people with SDDs, MOSST appears to have short- and long-term beneficial effects on social functioning and symptoms. Further studies are required to replicate the current results in other samples.

Del libro blanco del título de grado en psicología al negocio de la desesperación: análisis cuantitativo de los estudios de psicología en España durante la década 2005-2015 / From the white paper on the qualification of the degree in psychology to the business of desperation: a quantitative analysis of psychology studies in spain over the decade of 2005-2015

El proceso de convergencia con el Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior motivó la publicación del Libro Blanco del Título de Grado en Psicología (ANECA, 2005) donde se desglosa un análisis de la situación de los estudios de Psicología en España y se enumera una serie de recomendaciones para adecuar la titulación a los requisitos europeos. El presente trabajo pretende, diez años después, analizar el grado de implementación de las medidas y propuestas incluidas en el Libro Blanco, así como presentar modelos pronósticos en base a las tendencias observadas mediante análisis de series temporales. Los resultados muestran un incremento progresivo y constante de la oferta formativa, del número de nuevos centros donde se imparte el Grado de Psicología así como de otros indicadores estrechamente relacionados con dicho crecimiento. Por último, se discuten los posibles motivos y se reflexiona sobre el impacto en la precariedad laboral, las elevadas tasas de desempleo y las consecuencias nocivas para un modelo sostenible de la profesión

The process of convergence with the European Higher Education Area led to the publication of the White Paper on the qualification of the Degree in Psychology (ANECA, 2005) in which an extensive analysis was carried out of the situation of university studies in psychology in Spain and guidelines were produced to adapt the degree to the European requirements. Ten years later, the present paper aims to analyze the implementation rate of the guidelines included in the White Paper, as well as to develop prognostic models based on the trends observed using time series analyses. The results show a constant and progressive increase in the educational training offered, the number of new faculties, and other closely associated indicators related to this growth. Different explanations and reasons for these results are discussed. We also reflect on the detrimental impact on job security amongst psychologists, the high unemployment rates, and the negative consequences for a sustainable model of professional development

En busca de nuestra mejor versión: pericia y excelencia en Psicología Clínica / Searching for our best version: Expertise and excellence in Clinical Psychology

La pericia y la excelencia en Psicología Clínica están siendo objeto de renovado interés en el panorama internacional. Cómo hacen su trabajo los psicólogos clínicos, respecto a qué tratamientos psicológicos aplican, explica gran parte de la variabilidad de los resultados al finalizar el tratamiento. La evidencia relativa a los efectos de la pericia es contradictoria; en gran parte, debido a la ausencia de una definición operativa de consenso. La presente revisión narrativa opinática analiza el estado de la cuestión, presenta una propuesta de definición y busca estimular el debate para que académicos y clínicos contemplen la pericia como una variable clave de la efectividad de los tratamientos. Finalmente, se reflexiona sobre el modelo formativo en Psicología Clínica de nuestro entorno y la forma de sistematizar el entrenamiento y la supervisión promoviendo la excelencia en el desempeño clínico a lo largo de todo el ciclo profesional

Expertise and excellence in Clinical Psychology are receiving renewed interest in the international scene. How clinical psychologists do their work, depending on which psychological treatments they apply, explains a large amount of the variability in treatment outcomes. Evidence concerning the expertise effects is largely contradictory owing to the absence of an operational consensus definition. The present opinative narrative review attempts to analyze the literature on the topic, proposes a definition and pursues to stimulate the debate among academics and clinicians to consider the expertise as a key variable in treatment effectiveness. The Spanish training model in Clinical Psychology is discussed, aiming to systematize the training and supervision in order to promote excellence in clinical performance throughout the professional cycle

A pilot study on feasibility, acceptance and effectiveness of metacognitive-oriented social skills training in schizophrenia.

BACKGROUND: In preparation for a randomized controlled trial, a pilot study was conducted to investigate the feasibility, acceptability and effectiveness of a psychotherapy group based on metacognitive-oriented social skills training (MOSST). METHODS: Twelve outpatients with schizophrenia were offered 16 group-sessions of MOSST. Effect sizes were calculated for changes from baseline to treatment end for both psychosocial functioning and metacognitive abilities measured by the Personal and Social Performance Scale (PSP) and the Metacognition Assessment Scale-Abbreviated (MAS-A) respectively. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Ten patients finished the full treatment protocol and nonsignificant moderate effect sizes were obtained on PSP and MAS-A scores. To date, this is the first study in Spain to suggest that outpatients with schizophrenia will accept metacognitive therapy for social skills training and evidence improvements in psychosocial functioning and metacognition. CONCLUSION: Despite limitations inherent in a pilot study, including a small sample size and the absence of a control group, sufficient evidence of effectiveness was found to warrant further investigation. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ISRCTN10917911 . Retrospectively registered 30 November 2016.

Cognitive flexibility and decision-making in eating disorders and obesity.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to compare decision-making and cognitive flexibility in patients with disordered eating and weight, ranging from anorexia nervosa to obesity, and a healthy group. METHOD: Participants were 113 patients (86 with eating disorders and 27 with obesity), and a group of 39 healthy subjects; all completed the Iowa gambling task, the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test and several clinical self-report measures. RESULTS: Eating disordered and obese patients showed impaired performance on the decision-making task, and the obese group showed the worst performance on the set-shifting task. There were no associations between neuropsychological performance and eating or obsessive symptomatology, although significant associations were found with anxiety and depression measures. DISCUSSION: Considering the executive functions as a transdiagnostic process in ED and obesity could provide explanations for the inability to regulate food intake, present in both ED and obese patients. Implications of these executive impairments in the development and maintenance of ED and obesity are discussed.

Nuevas controversias en psicología sanitaria: un análisis libre de ruido / New controversies in Health Psychology: A noise free analysis

Durante los últimos años hemos asistido a la regulación del ejercicio sanitario de la Psicología. Nuevas figuras profesionales, como el Psicólogo General Sanitario, precipitan la confusión en competencias respecto a otras profesiones ya existentes en el ámbito, como el Psicólogo especialista en Psicología Clínica. Esta circunstancia ha motivado conflictos e incluso difusión de información distorsionada (o ruido) desde los sectores académico y colegial. El presente trabajo intenta realizar un análisis, libre de ruido, de las controversias actuales no resueltas que afectarán de forma inminente a la evolución de la Psicología Sanitaria. Entre ellas, los límites entre ambas profesiones, su articulación dentro del ámbito sanitario, la acreditación de nuevas especialidades sanitarias y la regulación del Grado en Psicología. Más allá del ruido generado desde intereses particulares, este trabajo pretende analizar las opciones, oportunidades y consecuencias de la toma de decisiones respecto a estas cuestiones aún inconclusas. Finalmente, se apuesta por el debate abierto y transparente entre todas las partes de la Psicología, como única solución a la encrucijada actual de la disciplina

Practice in health related issues in psychology has been increasingly regulated over the past few years in Spain. New professional profiles such as General Health Psychologist have caused confusion over skills and competences with other existing professionals such as Clinical Psychologists. This circumstance has sometimes caused conflicts among psychology professionals due to misinformation (noise) from academic and professional bodies (COP) over recent legal discussions. Our manuscript tries to carry out a noiseless analysis of the current unresolved controversies surrounding psychology in the health sector that would inevitably affect the development of psychology in this area in Spain. Issues such as the boundaries between both professions, their role and functions in the health sector, the accreditation of new health specialties and the regulation of the Psychology Degree arise. Leaving aside the noise generated by particular interests, this article tries to analyze the options, opportunities and consequences of decision making about these yet to be solved matters. Finally, we encourage all psychology sectors to engage in an open and transparent debate as the only way to achieve a real solution for the critical position of psychology in Spain

Confirmatory factor analysis and psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire-Appearance Scales.

The Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire (MBSRQ) is the most comprehensive instrument to assess body image. The MBSRQ-Appearance Scales (MBSRQ-AS) is a reduced version that has been validated in other languages. The main aim of the present study was to confirm the factor structure of the Spanish version of the MBSRQ-AS and analyze its psychometric properties in 1041 nonclinical individuals. Confirmatory factor analysis showed excellent goodness of fit indices for the five-factor structure (Appearance Evaluation, Appearance Orientation, Body Areas Satisfaction, Overweight Preoccupation, and Self-Classified Weight). Factors possessed adequate scale score reliability indices. Some of the factors showed significant associations with the Eating Attitudes Test. Significant differences were found between boys/men and girls/women, and among age groups. The Spanish version of the MBSRQ-AS is a valid instrument for use in nonclinical population settings in people from 15 to 46 years old.

Psicología Sanitaria: en busca de identidad / Psychology: in search of identity

Este trabajo continúa el debate iniciado en números anteriores (Carrobles, 2012, 2013; Sánchez Reales, Prado Abril y Aldaz Armendáriz, 2013) a raíz de la creación de la nueva profesión de Psicólogo General Sanitario. Reflexionamos sobre los itinerarios curriculares que capacitan profesionalmente en el ámbito de la Psicología Sanitaria, considerando la narrativa que ha acompañado este proceso y su repercusión en la configuración de las identidades profesionales de la Psicología Sanitaria. Enfatizamos la importancia de los aspectos históricos, contextuales y legislativos y profundizamos sobre el estatus actual de la Psicología Clínica en el Sistema Nacional de Salud, destacando las oportunidades actuales que permiten la construcción de un itinerario formativo y profesional coherente de Psicología Sanitaria

This paper follows the discussion started in previous issues (Carrobles, 2012, 013; Sánchez Reales, Prado Abril & Aldaz Armendáriz, 2013) following thecreation of the new General Health Psychologist profession. We reflect on curricular itineraries and professional training in the field of Health Psychology, considering the narrative that has accompanied this process and its impact in shaping professional identities of Health Psychology. We emphasize the importance of the historical, contextual and legislative aspects and we deepen on the current status of Clinical Psychology in the National Health System, highlighting current opportunities that allow the construction of a coherent professional training itinerary on Health Psychology

Psicología Clínica y Psicología General Sanitaria: una aproximación constructiva / Clinical Psychology and Health General Psychology: a constructive approach

En el número anterior de esta revista, el Dr. Carrobles analizó, a la luz de la Ley General de Salud Pública (Ley 33/2011), las posibles controversias que podría suscitar el desarrollo de la nueva figura profesional del psicólogo general sanitario en el ámbito de la Psicología Sanitaria. Tras su revisión argumental sugiere que la mejor solución posible pasa por el reconocimiento de dos profesiones con equivalentes funciones clínicas y sanitarias pero con itinerario formativo diferente; a saber, el psicólogo general sanitario y el psicólogo especialista en Psicología Clínica. Tanto sus conclusiones como las premisas que las sostienen motivan este artículo de réplica, mediante el que intentamos contribuir a este necesario debate analizando en profundidad y detalle algunos aspectos que entendemos pueden generar confusión o representan premisas no lo suficientemente sólidas como para sostener las conclusiones del citado autor. Posteriormente se realiza una propuesta alternativa de integración de los profesionales sanitarios de la Psicología en el marco del Sistema Nacional de Salud (SNS) basado en la realidad sociocultural y legal de España (AU)

In the previous issue of this journal, Dr. Carrobles reviewed the role and status of the recently created figure of General Health Psychologist, after its recognition in the Ley General de Salud Pública (Ley 33/2011), in the area of psychological health care. This author concludes that the best solution for the integration of this new professional is that both clinical psychologists and general health psychologists should share similar clinical roles but with different training programs. Both the arguments and the conclusions have motivated this response. We try to contribute to the ongoing debate in our country about how to develop clinical psychology and the provision of psychological services in the National Health Service. This proposal is based in our specific social context and the legal framework we operate under

Eating-related Intrusive Thoughts Inventory: exploring the dimensionality of eating disorder symptoms.

The aims of this study were, first, to examine the structure and validity of the Eating-related Intrusive Thoughts Inventory (INPIAS), a self-report questionnaire designed to assess eating disorders related to intrusive thoughts (EDITs), and second, to explore the existence of a continuum ranging from normal to abnormal thought intrusions related to eating, weight, and shape. Participants were 574 (408 women) nonclinical community individuals. Analyses revealed that EDITs can be clustered into three sets: appearance-dieting, need to exercise, and thoughts-impulses related to eating disorders. EDITs' consequences showed a two-factor structure: emotional consequences/personal meaning and thought-action fusion responsibility; and four factors of strategies: "anxiety," suppression, obsessive-compulsive rituals, and distraction. The sample was then divided according to reported restrained eating. The High dietary restraint group reported a higher frequency of EDITs, whereas differences in the other factors were mediated by depression, anxiety, and obsessionality. The results suggest that eating disorder-related cognitions are experienced by nonclinical individuals, and distributed on a continuum.